Candide II Essay Example For Students

Candide II Essay Voltaires Candide is the story of an innocent mans experiences in a mad and evil world, his struggle to survive in that world, and his need to ultimately come to terms with it. All people experience the turmoil of life and must overcome obstacles, both natural and man-made, in order to eventually achieve happiness. In life, man must find a medium between what Martin scholar and companion to Candide calls the convulsions of anxiety and the lethargy of boredom Richter 137. After a long and difficult struggle in which Candide is forced to overcome misfortune to find happiness, he concludes that all is not well as he has previously been taught by his tutor, Dr. Pangloss, and that he must work in order to find even a small amount of pleasure in life. Candide grows up in the Castle of Westphalia and is taught by the learned philosopher, Dr. Pangloss. Candide is abruptly exiled from the castle when found kissing the Barons daughter, Cunegonde. Devastated by the separation from Cunegonde, his true love, Candide sets out to different places in the hope of finding her and achieving total happiness. We will write a custom essay on Candide II specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now On his journey, he faces a number of misfortunes, among them being tortured during army training, yet he continues to believe that there is a cause and effect for everything. Candide is reunited with Cunegonde, and regains a life of prosperity, but soon all is taken away, including his beloved Cunegonde. He travels on, and years later he finds her again, but she is now fat and ugly. His wealth is all gone and so is his love for the Barons daughter. Throughout Candide, we see how accepting situations and not trying to change or overcome obstacles can be damaging. Life is full of struggles, but it would be nonproductive if people passively accepted whatever fate had in store for them, shrugging off their personal responsibility. Voltaire believes that people should not allow themselves to be victims. He sneers at naive, accepting types, informing us that people must work to reach their utopia Bottiglia 93. In Candide, reality and the real world are portrayed as being disappointing. Within the Barons castle, Candide is able to lead a Utopian life. After his banishment, though, he recognizes the evil of the world, seeing mans sufferings. The only thing that keeps Candide alive is his hope that things will get better. Even though the world is filled with disaster, Candide has an optimistic attitude that he adopted from Dr. Pangloss teachings. In spite of his many trials, Candide believes that all is well and everything is for the best. Only once, in frustration, does he admit that he sometimes feels that optimism is the mania of maintaining that all is well when we are miserable Voltaire 41. Candides enthusiastic view of life is contrasted with, and challenged by the suffering which he endures throughout the book. Voltaire wrote this book in a mocking and satirical manner in order to express his opinion that passive optimism is foolish Richter 134. Candide eventually learns how to achieve happiness in the face of misadventure. He learns that in order to attain a state of contentment, one must be part of society where there is collective effort and work. Labor, Candide learns, eliminates the three curses of mankind: want, boredom, and vice. In order to create such a society, man must do the following: love his fellow man, be just, be vigilant, know how to make the best of a bad situation and keep from theorizing. Martin expresses this last requirement for such a society succinctly when he says, Lets work without speculating; its the only way of rendering life bearable Voltaire 77. One of the last people that Candide meets in his travels is an old, poor Turkish farmer who teaches Candide a lesson which allows him to come to terms with the world and to settle down happily. The revelation occurs when Candide and his friends hear of the killing of two intimate advisors of the sultan, and they ask the Turkish farmer if he could give them more details about the situation. .u75147f5efdd25148612da265767f25f5 , .u75147f5efdd25148612da265767f25f5 .postImageUrl , .u75147f5efdd25148612da265767f25f5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u75147f5efdd25148612da265767f25f5 , .u75147f5efdd25148612da265767f25f5:hover , .u75147f5efdd25148612da265767f25f5:visited , .u75147f5efdd25148612da265767f25f5:active { border:0!important; } .u75147f5efdd25148612da265767f25f5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u75147f5efdd25148612da265767f25f5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u75147f5efdd25148612da265767f25f5:active , .u75147f5efdd25148612da265767f25f5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u75147f5efdd25148612da265767f25f5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u75147f5efdd25148612da265767f25f5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u75147f5efdd25148612da265767f25f5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u75147f5efdd25148612da265767f25f5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u75147f5efdd25148612da265767f25f5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u75147f5efdd25148612da265767f25f5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u75147f5efdd25148612da265767f25f5 .u75147f5efdd25148612da265767f25f5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u75147f5efdd25148612da265767f25f5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Every fortnight I was faced with the taunting experience of retrieving the eggs EssayI know nothing of it, said the good man, and I have never cared to know the name of a single mufti or vizier I presume that in general those who meddle in public business sometimes perish miserably, and that they deserve their fate; but I am satisfied with sending the fruits of my garden there. Voltaire 76 Upon learning that this man did not own an enormous and splendid property Voltaire 76, but rather a mere twenty acres that he cultivates with his children, Candide is startled. He sees that the man is happy with his life, and at that point Candide decides to build his own life around the principal of being productive. He decides that all he needs to be happy is a garden to cultivate so that he, too, can keep from the three great evils. Candides garden symbolizes his surrender to the world and his acceptance of it. He eventually realizes that his former ambitions of finding and achieving a perfect state of happiness were fulfilled, though his successes were not as great as he had wished. Instead, he has found happiness in a simple way of life. He also learns that everything in life is not evil, which he perceived to be the case while undergoing misfortunes. He also concludes that Dr. Pangloss was right all along, everything is for the best. Throughout the entire book, we observe Candide searching for happiness, sustained by his dream of achieving that happiness. He believes, in his optimistic way, that he will find Cunegonde, his true love, and Dr. Pangloss, his mentor, and all will be well. When Candide is reunited with both he realizes that he was right not to lose hope. In essence, it was Candides optimism that keeps him from a state of total dejection, maintaining his sanity during troubled times. Candide eventually achieves happiness with his friends in their simple, yet full, lives. The books ending affirms Voltaires moral that one must work to attain satisfaction. Work helps Candide overcome his tragedies and enables him to live peacefully and in contentment. The message of Candide is: Dont rationalize, but work; Dont utopianize, but improve. We must cultivate our own garden, for no one is going to do it for us Richter 161.

Muslim girl Essay Example For Students

Muslim girl Essay To think about it, the dog from the exhibition is associated with terms like ‘helpless’, or even ‘tortured’ that evokes our protective instincts just like how we felt towards children. The homeless dog, on the other hand, gives us the impression of a ‘filthy’ and ‘lazy’ animal, thus unworthy of our pity. The dog is still a dog. However, as our emotions changes, the dog itself also appears as changed. No doubt, the way we perceive similar situations is heavily dependent on our unconscious emotions. Having said so, to what extent do we see and understand the same reality? After all, we do not see and understand everything the way as we are. This, eventually, comes down to the role of community. A community is commonly referred to as a group of people sharing common interests or beliefs. Understanding of the world is therefore united conceptually within a community since it is based on the same guiding. Cultural beliefs, for example, are part of the community. There was a case in 2003 whereby a Muslim girl was suspended from a school in Oklahoma for refusing to remove her head scarf, called a â€Å"hijab† as it would â€Å"violate the way she observes her religion†. While this practice is an obligatory condition among the Muslims, it is unacceptable in other community. In other words, people within the same community tend to ‘see’ and ‘understand’ the same things due to the way their minds are structured. Just like in all communities, scientists are able to â€Å"see† the same reality as major breakthrough in science is the result of collaboration and hard work of the scientific community. The main difference is that, scientific findings are openly shared within the scientific communities all across the world to ensure that their work does not exist alone. Generally, scientific theories are widely accepted by the society on an international basis. Though our conception of the world is a subjectivist’s point of view, it can be beneficial under certain circumstances. After all, don’t we have to come up with a prediction before we can prove? Scientists, for instance, work with subjective truth with the assumption of the existence of objective truth. This hypothesis in science is often followed by an experiment which either support or disprove his theory with the data obtained. This objective truth, however, is independent of the human mind. As opposed to the quotation, Plato claims that truth exists regardless of our ability to grasp it. After all, it is only fair to say that the apple in front of me does not magically disappear when I am not aware of it. In the allegory of the cave, Plato asserts that what we perceive are merely the shadows of reality and that forms, which cannot be known through our sense perception, make up the objective truth. However, it seems as though it is a second nature for us to trust our perception, for what else is left to trust? While science aims to be empirically adequate, it does not necessary give us the objective truth. Therefore, just as the evolution of mankind, science never settle on a single truth. In fact, older theories are often replaced by the news ones. After all, there is no need for the search if the objective truth does not exist. There is no doubt that perception plays an important role in our understanding of the world. On its own, perception might be an ideal way in search for the objective truth. However, it is hard to isolate perception as an independent way of knowing as it is interconnected with reasoning, emotions and cultural beliefs. Thus, we cannot rely solely on perception. .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579 , .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579 .postImageUrl , .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579 , .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579:hover , .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579:visited , .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579:active { border:0!important; } .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579:active , .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579 .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pincher Martin a struggle for survival EssayInstead, we should use perception to collect observations and combine it to give us a common understanding of the world like we did in the sciences. ________________ List of references: Alchin, N. (2006). Theory of Knowledge. (2nd edition). London: Hodder Murray. CNN, Muslim girl suspended for head scarf. October 11, 2003. Available from: http://edition. cnn. com/2003/EDUCATION/10/11/scarf. reut/index. html Cambridge Dictionaries online – Cambridge University Press. Available from: http://dictionary. cambridge. org/define. asp? key=15490dict=CALD Objectivity in Philosophy. 2009. Available from: http://www. amerindianarts. us/articles/objectivity_in_philosophy. shtml Idealism – Kant’s transcended idealism. 2009. Available from: http://science. jrank. org/pages/9735/Idealism-Kant-s-Transcendental-Idealism. html Wikipedia, Guillermo Vargas. 2009. Available from: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Guillermo_Vargas ________________ Idealism – Kant’s transcended idealism. 2009. Available from: http://science. jrank. org/pages/9735/Idealism-Kant-s-Transcendental-Idealism. html Alchin, N. (2006). Theory of Knowledge. (2nd edition). London: Hodder Murray. Wikipedia, Guillermo Vargas. 2009. Available from: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Guillermo_Vargas CNN, Muslim girl suspended for head scarf. October 11, 2003. Available from: http://edition. cnn. com/2003/EDUCATION/10/11/scarf. reut/index. html Alchin, N. (2006). Theory of Knowledge. (2nd edition). London: Hodder Murray.

Writing a Sample Reflection Essay

Writing a Sample Reflection EssayA sample reflection essay can be really useful for students who are in need of ideas to finish their examinations. Most students, when they are in the midst of a difficult essay, may want to figure out an alternative way to answer the question. Therefore, they can either opt for an essay plan or try to find an alternative option that is appealing to them.If you are really interested in writing a reflection essay, there are several elements that you should make sure that you include in your document. When you think about this, you might just discover some helpful tips on how to come up with a well-written and impressive essay that will stand out from the rest. For starters, it will not only make your reflection essay interesting but it will also help you gain the maximum benefit from your class participation.Whenever you are trying to write a reflective essay, there are various considerations that you should keep in mind. First, you should focus on the tone of your essay. For example, you can also consider including music clips in your essay if you want to do so. For example, you can include clips of instrumental music or even sound effects that will sound pleasing to your ear.Next, when you are considering writing a sample reflection essay, you will have to take note of your goal. You will have to do this before you start writing your essay. For example, if you are writing a reflection essay to be used for the AP test, you should think about what your goal is in writing such a study guide. For example, if you are looking for a convenient and easy answer to the question, 'What kind of person are you?,' you can consider this first.Once you are aware of your goal, you will also need to think about the direction that you are going to take when you are planning to write a reflection essay. You should also think about whether you will incorporate adifferent strategy in the writing of your essay. For example, if you are in the business field, you may want to use business jargon as part of your essay; on the other hand, if you are in the medical field, you can always incorporate medical terminology in your essay.Lastly, when you are planning to write a sample reflection essay, you should not forget to provide a good resource. For example, if you are planning to write a reflection essay about a parent's relationship with his or her child, you should provide a resource that could help you include some information that you may want to include in your essay. For example, if you are writing a reflection essay that is going to be used for an AP exam, you will have to provide a resource that can help you include material that will be helpful in answering the question, 'What is the best kind of parenting?' Therefore, you can easily provide this resource to help you create a resource that is absolutely relevant.There are many benefits that you can get from writing a sample reflection essay. If you are interested in explori ng all these benefits, then consider utilizing these strategies.

Strategic Management in Bally Total Fitness

Table of Contents Summary of the Facts The Problem the Case Presents Causes of the Problems Alternative Solutions Recommendation Justification Reference List Summary of the Facts Bally Total Fitness had emerged as the leading operator of fitness centers. By 2004, the company was the largest, most efficient and the highest grossing fitness operator and more to that its operations had changed from fixed single location based, to becoming a nationwide operator.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Strategic Management in Bally Total Fitness specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Bally had been established in 1962, and although throughout the years it had had challenges like any other business venture, 2004 was probably the most difficult time since its establishment. Fierce competition had emerged, legal cases had been filed against the company as it was under investigation for its accounting management and procedures and worse still its stock price had drastically fallen to a level of being termed as collapsed. The top-level management at Bally Total Fitness had not overseen these hard times. This is so as experts had the presumption that the fitness industry was headed for a boom, as most Americans became more sensitized and concerned about their health status and well-being. The survey research had already released a report which showed that about two thirds of the American population was either obese or overweight. The research further stated that a third was actually obese. Since medical practitioners were emphasizing the need for people to engage in fitness practices, it was assumed the fitness industry would record major enrollment. However, although diseases caused by weight, problems were on the increase and people were concerned about their weight; many did not take the initiative of visiting the fitness centers. Bally which had emphasized and undertaken the initiative of expansion in read iness to tapping the projected new enrollments found itself in huge deficits and debts as the presumption never materialized and thus the strategic management had failed. The core reasons for enrollment into health clubs had significantly changed in 2004. In the past, enrollment was purely driven by the desire to attaining fitness, and thus people were not very sensitive to other externally induced factors. In 2004 contrary to the past practices, people had come to value other external factors immensely.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These were like friends’ opinions and recommendation, the nature of the place regarding the cleanliness standards, nature and friendliness of the staff, the consistent persuasiveness of marketers and sales pitches, and the convenience and location of the fitness center as well as the brand name. The rapid and drastic diversification pr oved to pose management challenges to Bally. Health clubs had also rapidly changed to incorporate many activities. Equipment purchase was also done from established household names like Nautilus. However even Nautilus was hit by market competition and in 2003 it registered its first loss in the history of the company. By 2004, thousand of companies had emerged and competed against each other in the health club industry. In the past, the health club industry was not competitive and the majority of the clubs that existed then were mainly established by non-profit organizations. Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) being a non-profit organization had one of the most solid histories of fitness activities. YMCA had offered fitness activities in the US for over fifteen decades. In the health club business, there emerged different type of ownerships further diversifying the industry. These are owner-operated clubs: these are run and supervised by the owners; they are the majorit y and mainly operate from one location. Bally Total Fitness fell under this category of owner operated fitness clubs. Franchised clubs: under this, multiple investors joined efforts and a club franchised under them. This avails a club professional personnel and more purchasing power. The largest franchised club being Curves for women. Managerial and design companies: these are kind of a caretaker run clubs. Experts on behalf of the owners, of which most fall under corporate ownership like universities, hotel chains; hospitals and so on, run them. The last type ownership club is the Health spas. Health spas are relatively small and in most cases, they are in residential hotels and are in form of an extension. The emergence of various ownership-based clubs has further diluted the health club industry, rendering Bally’s management to undertake overambitious investment projects in an effort to outmaneuver competitors. Pricing and sales in a health almost follows the same procedur e (Wells Raabe, 2008). In a typical version, customers are charged once for enrollment and then each month there is charges as the subscription fees. Operation of a health is not a simple and enjoyable task as generally thought.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Strategic Management in Bally Total Fitness specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One is forced to work for long hours, always be precise and alert, picking the various items dropped by customers, returning the weights to their respective positions as some customers neglect to do so. The working out is a tedious venture and this makes people have mood swing and thus the staff have a hard time dealing with such people. It was also assumed that the fitness industry would diverse further in an effort to cater for the varied demography. Experts were also projecting that some would go public and others would consolidate. It had also emerged that older people were embracing the health clubs contrary to the former years. Children were also seen to enroll in large numbers. Given the dissatisfaction of people with their diets, Bally had started manufacturing food supplements, which instantly became popular. In 2004 Bally had a mixed situation. There was improved enrollment of members as Bally’s membership drafted significantly surged. The pricing was also increased which meant more revenues to the company. However, poor management strategies and external pressure on the company were immense and hard to cope with. Capital market pressures were overwhelming the company. Competition from rival groups was also very high. Although Toback the CEO and his team were trying their best to remain competitive, internal wrangles were tearing Bally apart. It was reported that a major shareholder was advocating for the sale of the company. Rival groups were said to be interested in buying the firm. The Problem the Case Presents The major problem encount ered by Bally Total Fitness emanate from its management strategy. The company in 2004 was hit by the resignation of its auditors consequently; the company’s management changed accounting procedures. Instead of expensing the cost of enrolling new members within twenty two months, Bally turned to immediate cost expensing, consequently the company’s fiscal results in 2003 included over a half a billion dollar charge in cumulative adjustments.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This move by the management resulted to various court battles, as shareholders, who accused the company’s management of misrepresentation, unlawful and unprofessional practices of fraudulent accounting practices, filed lawsuits. The company announced that it was in the process of restating results of the past several years. This was because of a claim that the company was finding, irregularities and numerous problems in past accounting methods and practices. The current financial control system was also put under scrutiny. The company also announced it was considering filing lawsuits against past officials including the past CEO Lee Hillman. Hillman was the immediate former CEO who had resigned in a bizarre unexpected fashion as he cited concentrating on personal matters. His resignation had raised eyebrows and left many dissatisfied with his reason of resignation. Because of the scandals, huge deficits and debts incurred, Bally’s stock prices drastically fell further affecting the troubled company. Various legal investigations were started against the company. Causes of the Problems The fierce competition that emerged and the desire to make more profits made Bally’s management to look for new way or outwitting its competitors. However, these methods resulted to its downfall. The company was also riding on the assumptions that since there were spontaneous campaigns on how to combat obesity, then the company would register massive enrollment. The company embarked on widespread expansion campaign, consequently ending up incurring huge debts, yet enrollment remained constant. In an effort to make more revenues and retain more customers, the management of Bally changed the policy of committing members to few months to that of committing new members to a period of over three years. This move backfired, as customers did not want long time commitments. Long-term commitment also required more money on the side of the customer. This proved very exp ensive thus, customers backed off. In another effort to attract more customers, the management reduced the enrollment fees. This meant that revenues reduced immediately. Working in fitness clubs is taxing and tedious occupation. It is therefore hard to retain a skilled, friendly and motivated staff in the industry. Emergence of competition meant that Bally was automatically going to have a rough time containing and keeping its top cream staff. During this period of the new millennium, personal trainers became very popular and fancied. Fitness centers, including Bally, were thus faced with the expensive venture of recruiting more personnel to cater for surging popularity of personal trainers. The hiring of new personnel means drastic fall in profits. The management was also faced with the enormous task of staff motivation. Since working in fitness clubs is a demanding task as earlier noted. It is hard to find competent personnel as many opt for other careers. To motivate the few that take the path of working in fitness centers is even a greater task. Communication between the staff and management seems to be strained, as there is no clear channel of representation and communication. By 2004, Bally Total Fitness had outlets in twenty-nine states making it the broadest and widest geographic distribution in its category of owner operated fitness health chain club all over the United States. This plunged the company into debt of more than three hundred million dollars. There remained a wide gap between people’s recognition, awareness and sensitivity of the crucial and important role played by working out, and their actual willingness and participation to do it. This difference was responsible for the company not being able to register as many enrollments as it had been earlier anticipated. The resignation of Lee Hillman suddenly hurt the company’s public image. Much of Bally’s development and expansion had been during Hillman’s tenure. H e was the person behind the success of Bally. He resigned abruptly to pursue new challenges and be with his family. Any sudden change of management for any cooperation brings negative repercussions especially when the manager or the CEO was a successful one like Hillman (Hill Jones, 2010). People start to wonder what could make a manager at the peak of his career resign. This in turn is a suggestion that not all was going well. In a bid to outdo the outgoing manager as proof to be even better, the incoming manager has to take radical decisions that in turn could jeopardize the operations of the organization. As accompany Bally was hit hard by losing its main pioneer, Lee Hillman. To make the matter worse, Bally’s auditors resigned in 2004. Like Lee Hillman, they resigned suddenly without notice. This was the major reason for delay of the release of 2004 financial results. The efforts by the company to commit members for three years became a cause of disagreement. Patrons had long complained that cancellation requests were not honored. Cases of harassment and unprofessional deceptive means of collecting fees were also reported. The company was also accused of unauthorized charging of members’ credit cards or dubious acts of debiting from members’ bank accounts. In 1994, Bally Total Fitness Company had to pay over 120000 dollars in penalties and authorized to refund members membership fees. The trend of unprofessional, unethical acts continued, in 2004 the consumer Web sited highlight the rights of consumers violated by Bally. These malpractices led to the company being fined and at times refunding membership fees. This tarnished the public image of the company in a competitive field leading to loss of members to rival groups. This also shows that the company had a long history on engaging in unprofessional acts. Because of too much involvement in financial affairs and poor methods of enrolling members, the company found itself in a comprom ising situation. It had a dualism form of business, as there was a finance company and operating company further draining the resources of the company. The two operational adjustments also affected the company negatively. Club-level managers were required to act as general managers with the enormous task of club profitability falling under them. For any given company, specialization and division of labor is very important. This multitasking of managers and taking of roles that is not under their jurisdiction hampered productivity and efficiency The company encountered major accounting and control problems. The management changed the enrollment retention fees procedures. Instead of the revenues being registered for the period of the stipulated twenty-two months, they changed it to be immediately. Costs were also supposed to be expensed as soon as they were incurred. The management ended colliding with the shareholders. The management was accused and sued for fraudulent accounting pra ctices and misrepresentation. The past staff was also to be investigated. Public collision of management and shareholders is enough problems to scare away patrons. The change of established policies by management without engaging shareholders also illustrates lack of professionalism by the management. Such problems arising because of lack of a clear line of communication put the company at a compromising situation. The lack of communication was one of the major causes of the problem. Lee Hillman’s abrupt resignation and later the sudden resignation of auditors at the crucial moment of preparing the company’s returns clearly demonstrates that there was no elaborate mode of communication and there were no panels of looking into the grievances of the personnel. If top-level officials were resigning unannounced without warnings, then it shows even junior staffs were forced to take the same route. Patrons had also long complained of deduction from their bank without their a uthorization. This shows there was the problem of communication in the entire operations of the company. Paul Toback, the new CEO lacked the credentials and capacity to learn such a huge organization. He had no management formal education and his administrative experience had been gotten from a political office, which is a very different scenario when it comes to learning a fitness organization. Competitors have also created major problems for Bally; these competitors are YMCA, Gold’s Gym, 24 Hour Fitness and Curves International. YMCA has been in operational in the US since 1851. It is the largest health club operator in the US. Since it is a non-profit organization, its revenues are not taxed unlike those of Bally. YMCA’s maintenance cost is very low for the fact that it is a community owned organization. Unlike Bally that has to employ its entire staff, YMCA has a large workforce of volunteers. Yet still, its long outstanding history of tradition in sports make many opt for it. Famous games like basketball, volleyball and racquetball were invented in this organization. The young and sports loving population opt for it due to its outstanding commitment to developing sports. Gold’s Gym initially focusing on bodybuilding has solid history of effectives. The club has received much publicity unlike Bally. It received international recognition as early as 1977 when it was featured in Arnold Schwarzenegger’s movie. Relying on franchising, the company expanded tremendously. The company has grown to incorporate other activities like yoga, group exercising, cardiovascular equipments among other activities. This has made it multidimensional and very competitive allover United States. It has claimed to help shed twenty tons of body fat every day making it very popular with those aiming to shedding weight rapidly. 24 Hour Fitness has also been a force to reckon with in the fitness industry. When Bally was having trouble in 2004, 24 Hour Fitne ss recorded more revenues than any other for- profit health club. Its enrollment fees varied from place to place, and offered members the option of paying every time they visited, monthly or longer terms subscriptions, which were all prepaid, of which Bally Total Fitness had not endorsed. The health club also had a 24 hour electronically deduced subscription employing information and technology infrastructure something the Bally Company had not managed to do. The company had also taken advantage of the proprietary software to develop and commercialize individualized training routine and nutrition programs for its millions of customers. The company’s diversification, flexibility and endorsement of IT services made it to be far much ahead of its competitors. It was rumored to be interested in purchasing Bally. Curves International was also a major competitor to Bally. The company was exclusively for women. The company had expanded in many countries traversing even in Europe. Th e company catered for older women and those uncomfortable with male dominated health clubs. The company had no small outlets helping cut on maintenance costs. These competitors made the Bally Company’s management to become overambitious in a bid to remain competitive Alternative Solutions Bally’s main problems were because of poor management strategies, and the nature of the competitive markets. To save the company from collapse, communication must be improved. IT facilities and services must also be embraced. Diverse methods of membership enrollment must also be devised, before making change in any of the company’s polices, stakeholders must be consulted. Presumptions should not be used to influence the decisions in the company. Other ventures undertaken by the company like the manufacturing of supplements must be designated to different management. Workers union should be formed to air the plights of the over twenty thousand employees. The staff employment mus t be on merit. Specialization and division of labor must be observed (Jeff, 2008). The world is rapidly being interconnected by the information and technology advancement. For Bally or any other organization to achieve progressive development, adoption of IT facilities should be prioritized. IT services will enable the company to be more efficient, cost reduction will be witnessed, enrollment of members online, to clearly stipulate and state the terms of membership so as no members will claim that he/she was duped. This will drastically reduce lawsuits, as there will be elaborate information to refer. Members enrolling must be making informed consent decisions to avoid ambiguity and vagueness as they later result to disgruntled members. IT facilities will make management easier as the connectivity of the various branches will enable the CEO to have first hand information on the events taking place. The marketing and advertising of the products manufactured by the company will have b een made easier. Software programs will also attract more members. A company’s website, which is easy to access, should be availed for access by all staffs, the diverse member groups, ands non-members. However, an IT revolution would be very expensive especially at such trying times. Communication seems to be the major problem in the management strategies. Customers are not elaborately explained to, on the terms and conditions of various contracts. Top managerial officials are resigning without prior notice. The management is also making important administrative decisions without notifying the shareholders consequently emerging a rift between the shareholders and the management. To solve the problem of communication, meetings involving all stakeholders should be held regularly to solve the arising issue and familiarize with one another. Active participation in debates should also be encouraged and opinions of all stakeholders should be noted and taken into account. Journals a nd articles should be regularly published to keep all members informed on the progress of the company. Openness and transparency must be emphasized to ensure all matters and issues are clearly understood. Being too open might nevertheless bring negative effects. Rivals might use this chance to dig information on the company’s future steps hence sabotaging the activities of the company. Professionalism on the side of the staff seems to be lacking. For a long time, the company has been violating the rights of the customers. Customers are said to have complained about the harassment and deception they have received from those collecting fees. The customer is the most important asset to any company. Therefore any staffs who mistreat a customer acts unprofessionally as his/her mandate and role is to serve the customer. The company officials had been reported and accused of unauthorized charging of members’ credit cards or dubious acts of debiting from members’ bank a ccount. To solve the problem, staffs must be employed on merit and their past conducted be verified. Public opinion and suggestions must be encouraged to enhance collective participation in the running of the company. The staffs must be made to sign binding contracts that prohibit resigning without notice. However, being too strict and placing much scrutiny on the employees would hurt their production capability. This might also discourage potential workers from seeking work in the company hence creating a deficit. The company must be cautious while making any expansion initiatives or any decisions that drains the resources of the company. Competition with rival groups should focus on quality service, products and satisfaction of the existing members. Ambitions for rapid expansion must be discouraged as this makes the company to enter into debts. Most of the rivals do not have as many patrons as Ball Total Fitness does yet they are recording more revenues than Bally. Concentration a nd resources should be directed towards the satisfaction of the existing customers. Diversification of products, services and membership enrollment should be boosted to offer the varying population different choices to choose from and in the process taking care of the needs of the majority. The company’s management should not panic because of the level of competition. Panicking would result to making hasty and over ambitious decisions that might turn against the company. However, being over cautions might make the company conservative and opposed to change hence lag behind (Hussey, 1998). Recommendation The management of Bally Total fitness must undergo an immediate managerial overhaul if the company wishes to remain competitive in the market. The shareholders who literally own the company must place the company under transition leadership as the posts of new managers are advertised. The policies and rules governing the company must be reconstructed to include the shareholder s in the management endeavors. Bally Total Fitness is an owner-operated company. Although the shareholders should not get over involved in the day-to-day running of the company as this would jeopardize the smooth execution of the affairs in the health club, no major decision should be undertaken without unanimous consent of the shareholders. Justification The company is under investigation on various allegations and the consumer Website has highlighted the way the company has violated consumer rights. The company is unable to announce its annual results after the auditors had resigned ands the management is clashing with the shareholders. To restore and cultivate new public relations, the company must redeem its image in the eyes of the public and be seen to be making changes so as to rectify past malpractices. Since the management bears the greatest responsibility in the scandal, new management would show the public that their well-being is being addressed. An overhaul of the leade rship pattern would give the organization a fresh look (Sadler Craig, 2003). Since the company has one of the largest membership bases, it would not be difficult to make progress with the new management. Reference List Hill, C., and Jones, G. (2010). Cases in Strategic Management: An Integrated Approach 9th ed. New York: Cengage Learning Hussey, D. (1998). Strategic Management: From Theory to Implementation. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann. Jeff, C. (2008). Strategic Management. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publication Inc Sadler, P., and Craig, J. (2003). Strategic management. New York: Kogan Page Limited. Wells, J., and Raabe, E. (2008). Strategic Management: an integrated approach 9th edition. Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing. This report on Strategic Management in Bally Total Fitness was written and submitted by user Marianna Cline to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

buy custom Revenge in Gimpel the Fool and Hamlet essay

buy custom Revenge in Gimpel the Fool and Hamlet essay Introduction The two stories, Hamlet and Gimpel the fool portrays the code of revenge as the major theme. However, the play portrays revenge in some diverse ways with minimal similarities. For instance, Hamlet vows to avenge his fathers death while Gimpel endeavors to revenge to his dead wife and the town dwellers. The circumstances that lead to harboring of the revenge are also different. For instance, Gimpel the fool feels that the town dwellers and his wife, Elke, had tricked and deceived him. His wife was being unfaithful to him, something that she confessed to him before her death. On the other hand, Hamlet attempts to revenge on Claudius who allegedly killed his father to attain power. One similarity that accrues from the two is in the conviction for revenge. The devil appears to Gimpel in a dream and deceives him to avenge on all those who deceived and tricked him. Similarly, a ghost of Hamlets father appears to him and tells him what happened for his death while persuading for revenge aga inst the murderer. The two plays portray revenge in other diverse ways as discussed in this paper. The Status of Revenge in Gimpel the fool and Hamlet In "Gimpel the Fool," the circumstances that surround the central character, Gimpel, changes him from an immature man affixed to his society to one who respects a profound truth by outdoing the dominion of society. The circumstances that trigger this change are two dreams, one that informs him and one that misleads him. Moreover, the characters that surround him dictate his growth as an individual and his change (Brown, 1). For the issue of revenge, one of the dreams deceives him to revenge against his town dwellers for labeling him as a fool. On the other hand, the push for revenge by Hamlet is very critical and serious. The circumstances that surround him are visions of a ghost who triggers him to revenge by showing him the actual occurrences that took place. In this play, Hamlet starts with memories of the deaths of two father-kings. The death of his father pushes him to revenge but it is not out of his own will. The ghost of his assassinated father stirs up the contemplations of revenge in Hamlet by the end of the act. Just before Hamlet renders himself to the deceit of Claudis and Laertes, his extended struggle with the same idea of revenge appears to end. In this regard, there is continued abortion, deflection, or neutralization of revenge as a way of mourning (Cole, 42). On the other hand, Glimpel starts by rejecting a dream of revenge. Gimpel harbors the thoughts of revenge after the death of his wife. His wife, Elka, confessed her sins before her death. After this incidence, an evil spirit appears to him in a dream to tempt him. The evil spirit makes him this proposal: The whole world deceives you and you ought to deceive the world in your turn, you might accumulate a bucket of urine every day and at night pour it in to the dough. Let the sages of Frampol eat filth. Consequently, thoughts of revenge fill his mind and he decides to act according to the proposal by the evil spirit. However, prior to selling a smutty batch of bread he had made, a contrasting dream of Elka appears to him and tells him, you fool! Because I was false, is everything false too. These two incidences reveal disparities and similarities in the development of revenge. The two, protagonists do not harbor the thought or revenge out of their own will. Rather, it is evident that some kinds of ghosts appeared to them and convinced them of the importance of revenge. The difference in the two characters is that Gimpel wanted to avenge against deception and tricking by the town folks while Hamlet wanted to avenge for the death of his father. Interpretation of Revenge in Gimpel the fool and Hamlet In Hamlet, the play portrays private revenge as a way of justifying rights and upholding public order as having negative implications. However, the play further presents core justification of the deeds of Hamlet and asserts that he had no alternative but to attempt to avenge his father (108). In the play, there is the likelihood of connecting private revenge to Gods revenge equally as public revenge links to it, when Hamlet refers to himself as heavens scourge and minister. Hamlet feels that Claudius, who allegedly killed his father to rise in power deserves. This is because Claudius is not only a murderer, but also an adulterate beast and thus a dishonest leader (Posner, 109). Bloom indicates that Hamlet mentions heaven and hell as the major trigger towards his revenge. Moreover, his constant procrastination raises several questions to critics, who feel that Hamlet condemned the revenge by delaying it in many times. The play demonstrates that the reason for the delay by Hamlet is that he linkd the ghost with hell. There if further contradiction on his intended revenge. This is because he doubts that it is really an evil spirit intention on deceiving him into an unfair regicide of Claudius, an act by which Hamlet would damn himself (26). On the other hand, in the case of Gimpel the fool, the feeling of love changed his disbelief. The play clearly demonstrates that Gimpel does not harbor revenge when his wife treats him in a weird way. It is also very evident that Elke beats him so much, yet he is able to tolerate her simply because he loves her. Conversely, his belief and love for her wife comes to a halt after he finds his wife in bed with another man. At this time, Glimpel decides not to believe any longer due to the incidence. Consequently, the rabbi commands Gimpel to separate with Elke for her infidelity. Nevertheless, Gimpel desires to get back to his family even after this self-consciousne ss and the command. This clearly indicates that because of loving her wife so much, he downsizes his wifes disloyalty (Janik, 216). Skulsky asserts that there is constantly the likelihood of harboring revenge, not due to lawless hatred, but because of trustworthiness to a code of respect coolly apathetic to the expressive excesses of the afflicted party. If such unconcern did not broaden to the nature of the accusation itself, it would be particularly more coherent. For instance in the play, Laertes, finds no humiliation at all in asserting to be uncertain whether Hamlet's claim (79) of incorruptibility may still be undesirable to credit, although applicable in nature (80). In the case of Glimpel, the revenge takes a different direction from that of Hamlet. For instance, Gimpel finally encounters the deception that has occurred on him after the death of his wife. Consequently, this leads him to the two consecutive dreams that change him into a man bounded only by genuineness. The first dream is of deception where the deceiver is the devil and leads to his transformation. Initially, Gimpel tolerated his wife since he loved her and did not harbor revenge. After this dream however, he starts contemplating revenge mostly to his fellow city dwellers after the conviction from the Devil. In the dream, the devil convinces him that there is no afterlife and there is no God. He triggers him to have vengeance on all those that wronged and deceived him. Consequently, this dream surprises Gimpel very much since he is a person who is very sincere and ethical even though the Dream revealed the level of deception by Elke and the town folks. At this point, Gimpel still felt that the society had deceived him. This prompted him to internalize the revenge and act upon it after his own thoughts and rationalization yet deceives him. The play demonstrates Gimpel subconsciously doubting the eternal life that he so devotedly believed in after the devil tells him that there is no God. Since Gimpel followed the orders of the devil, it is evident that he no longer cared about the society due to harboring revenge (Brown, 4). According to Hamlet, revenge is an indulgence of the fallen will and the honor that professes to control it while on the other hand it gets its will once more through legalism. It is evident that Hamlet was not entirely satisfied despite accepting revenge in its extreme but with honor: it is "a fantasy and trick of fame." There is a sense of ambiguity about ghost's origin, which compounds the difficulty. The irregularity of Hamlet's position is due to different factors, which includes the thought that revenge is a counsel of the devil in the form of faith and that the ghost is a spirit of health, as the concluded by Prince (Skulsky, 84). Hamlet presents his toughest case against personal revenge on the practical instead of the ethical level. In addition, the typical revenge mistake Hamlet made was allowing the control of emotions before they cooled down. It is evident that emotion had taken control of him when he sacrifices the chance to kill Claudius at prayer to ascertain that his punishment is everlasting. There lacks textual foundation for the opinion that Hamlet might not be so cruel as to wish to damn Claudius for perpetuity and that consequently the reason he provides for sparing him ought to be an excuse (109). Hamlet feared that the ghost could be a devil making him holdup his revenge until he ascertained that Claudius was guilty. However, his reservation about the ghosts validity could also be an excuse for delay (Posner, 110). On the other hand, after twenty years of marriage Elke and Gimpel had six children. However, Elke admits that Gimpel had not fathered any of her children before she died. Gimpel avoids losing eternal life when he accepts Elkes warning in a dream that he should not be as false as she was and he consequently buries the dirty dough. It was after this that he decided to believe in God rather than the devil (Janik, 217). According to Claudius, it was unmanly and abnormal for Hamlet to continue grieving. It was a rather threatening occurrence when Claudius made it clear that he did not hope that Hamlet would go back to school in Wittenberg. Instead, he wanted Hamlet to stay at Elsinore. In addition, it was a deep displeasure for Hamlet about his mothers hasty marriage to Claudius (7). It was in Scene 5 that the ghost directs him to seek revenge against the king after disclosing to him the details of the death of his father. The ghost claims that his brother Claudius poured poison in his ear as he slept in his garden. However, the ghost forbids Hamlet from taking revenge on his mother, who was to remain to heaven and her own guilt. Although there are clues that he may not be the most suitable avenger, Hamlet takes the ghosts charge seriously. For example, he agrees to seek revenge with wings and swift as meditation or the thoughts of love, a weird comparison (Bloom, 8). It was through Gimpel's second dream that there was initiation of another change, which notably transforms his character. After this second dream, Gimpel was no longer nave but was free from the resentment and revenge he had after the first dream. He found a balance that he was neither tricked by falsehoods, nor clutched too tight to society and all its lies but he adopted truth and believed truly in life. Gimpel decided after this dream to leave his town lastly ready to travel around the world (Brown, 5). Glimpel regarded his former tormentor, Elka, with gentleness and respect to the end, following this encounter. In his dreams, he saw her as beautiful and full of consolation. However, Gimpels fictions could not give him the sweetness of an enemy re- appearing as a friend, and hence a life without foes (105). Glimpel has come to the realization that life on earth is a life of entire literature, and the mere promise of conviction is in the afterlife. Consequently, he affirms that whe n death comes, he will go joyfully because he is not afraid of death. He also deemed that whatever will be there would be genuine, without ridicule, without deception and without complication (George, 103). This assertion means that the contemplation of revenge by Gimpel was not very strong and did not last for a long time. It also means that Gimpel clearly and wholly transformed after the incidence. Hamlet ratifies his ambivalence toward the beloved dead through his inclusion of his fathers spirit. Tabooed hostility was apparent through Hamlets impersonation of his deceased father. It is in the last act that he reclaimed the name, which he first spoke to the ghost. The conditions denied Hamlet the performance of ambivalence openly as a mourning heir (43). In his mind, Hamlet made a luminal journey. However, he became haunted whenever he tried to remember what he wished to remember. Hamlet allowed his former self to die when he took up the character of the deceased with revenge (47). Since Hamlet is dramatizing and observing, two killers rather than one, Revenge becomes his signal for action. Concurrently, Hamlet is killing his father and avenging his fathers death (Cole, 50). Hamlet is indignant, and obviously so. On the other hand, the play portrays Claudius as a hypocrite tippler, a weakling a creep, and a commoner that disinherited a very greater man of his wife, position and life. Moreover, the play portrays him as one who has disposed another greater man of his expectation of the kingship, in inheriting his father (116). Due to the occurrences that happened, Hamlet hates himself, women and certainly the whole of humanity (Posner, 116). It is vital to make out that Hamlet, in spite of the fresh backing of his ethics, his new tranquility and his generous and irregular concern for blameless onlookers, has not disavowed his objective to exterminate the soul of his adversary. Certainly, the wellbeing of his sufferers' souls has come to concern him so little that he even sends Guildenstern and Rosencrantz "to abrupt death (Skulsky, 86). Conclusion The theme of revenge emanates very strongly in Hamlets case and somehow narrows in the case of Gimpel. In the case of Hamlet, revenge demonstrates the act of mourning. In this case, Hamlet is mourning his dead father hence contemplates to revenge against the killer by murdering him. The murderer, Claudius on the other hand believes that the action that Hamlet is about to make does not have any justification. The issue of revenge for Hamlet also raises critical questions due to his procrastination. On the other hand, Gimpel contemplates revenge because the people around him deem him as a fool. First, his own wife fools him by making him believe that the children they had were his. She then discloses her betrayal to him, before she dies. Due to this, Gimpel feels very much betrayed and hence attempts to revenge. The only difference from that of Hamlet in this case is that he does not revenge on his wife, but rather on the town dwellers, who deems him a fool. Buy custom Revenge in Gimpel the Fool and Hamlet essay

Nationalized Health Care System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nationalized Health Care System - Essay Example Unfortunately, the government was not interested in the health system and wanted to primarily deal with unemployment. When President Thoreau appointed a committee to look into the issue, the commiteee did not solicit the input of the public but gave conclusion of the National Health Insurance as of low priority as compared to other unemployment insurance and retirement benefits (Hoffman 76). Health care and its estimated costs have now been seen as one of the most fundamental concerns in the current medical strategy of the United States. In essence, a health reform office has been established in the White House, and members of the Congress are considering a proposal on the issue (Hoffman 76). This is because the country had been at the verge of national health reform for numerous times in the past. In 1912, Theodore and other reformers through the Bull Moose Party campaigned on a platform where they wanted an industrial health insurance with regard to all the eight states with a comp ulsory health system that would be addressed by the United States. ... ack of national health insurance did not hamper other major reforms from being enacted, and particularly those that were hugely popular and efficient in the improvement of health access for many Americans. These health insurances include Medicare, Medicaid and the health insurance that was meant for the children: Children Health Insurance Program (Hoffman 79). The United States and Obama Care According to a research done by the Policy Research Institute for the Region (PRIOR), in the United States, today 47 million individuals lack health insurance, where around 1.3 million of them live in New Jersey. In fact, the region has made progress in securing that insurance is available to all children in the states (Starr 20). If anything, the research discussed the latest reform on health care in the United States, including the Obama Care and the prospects of expanding the coverage further in the future. Another research done by the American Public Health Association denotes that national health care is crucial as a government role in providing cover to the entire population and understanding that the coverage can be achieved with the inclusion of private insurers to supplement the insurance market in the United States and other likeminded states. Apparently, the Obama government has come up with a health care dubbed â€Å"The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act’’ signed in 2010 (Boerner 4). This health care reform was signed into law in order to improve the health industry in the United States. While some of the aspects in the system have already been enacted, others are continually being implemented to ensure that all citizens in the United States are incorporated. In support of national health care, various returns are present. Through the Obama Care, over 32

Undecided Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Undecided - Essay Example In 1641, Massachusetts announced that slavery was legal thus became the first colony to legalize slavery (Lee 14). The Transatlantic slave trade that had begun around 1500 was the major slave supplier to America. New Haven, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Plymouth adopted fugitive slave law and in 1650, Connecticut legalized slavery. In 1662, Virginia passed a hereditary slavery decree that directed that children of black salves would be bond or freed depending on the condition of their mothers. Maryland legalized slavery in 1663, the same year that slaves in Virginia revolted. In the following year, New York and New Jersey legalized slavery while a law was passed in Maryland illegalizing marriage between white women and black men (Lee 15). Many states passed laws directing that Christian baptism would not change the status of slaves and slaves were not allowed to possess firearms. In states like Virginia, slaves were banned from meeting in large numbers and those who assaulted whites or tried to escape were severely punished. In New York, slaves were not allowed to sell commodities. In 1688, the first formal antislavery resolution was passed in Pennsylvania. Rice cultivation in Carolina intensified slave trade in the state. Some states such as Massachusetts penalized slave masters who freed their slaves. In Connecticut, slaves who disturbed peace or assaulted whites were whipped (Lee 16). Slaves in Rhode Island were required to carry passes when walking at night. In some instances, for instance in Virginia, slave masters were allowed to kill and destroy runaways. From 1711, slave trade started losing popularity in most states. For instance, Pennsylvania and Rhode Island prohibited the importation of black and Indian slaves. Even so, slaves were not allowed to marry or operate businesses without the permission of their masters. Occasionally, slaves got infuriated and revolted killing whites and their captors. In most states, slaves were not